# Documents

Compiled by [Robin Monks](https://coldwar.tech/about), a Cold War archival expert.

## Pages

- [Battle in the Ionosphere (English Translation)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/battle-in-the-ionosphere.md): AI-assisted English translation of Битва в ионосфере by Aleksandr Babakin, a history of the Soviet over-the-horizon radar program including the Duga system.
- [Project Wood Duck: CW Doppler Detection Experiments](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/project-wood-duck.md): Declassified records from Library and Archives Canada documenting Project Wood Duck, the 1954–1955 experimental program that proved continuous-wave Doppler…
- [Mid-Canada Line ASR-3 Radar Removals](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/mcl-radar-removals.md): Formerly SECRET Department of National Defence records concerning the disposal of ASR-3 surveillance radars from Mid-Canada Line stations at Knob Lake…
- [US Patent 4,121,298: Central Processing Unit for Numbers Represented in the System of Residual Classes](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/us-patent-4121298a.md): The most detailed public document describing a complete CPU architecture built on the Residue Number System, filed internationally by Akushsky and four…
- [HAER No. CA-319: Beale AFB PAVE PAWS Written Report](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/haer-beale-pave-paws.md): The Historic American Engineering Record's 57-page written history of the Beale PAVE PAWS radar: siting, the $60 million Raytheon contract, 1977–79…
- [HAER No. CA-319-A: PAVE PAWS Technical Equipment Building](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/haer-beale-radar-building.md): The companion HAER survey of Building 5760 itself (the radar pyramid) with the structural detail behind this site's Beale article: the 105-foot facades, the…
- [Final EIS: Operation of the PAVE PAWS Radar System at Beale AFB (1980)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/beale-pave-paws-eis.md): The 507-page final environmental impact statement for operating the west-coast PAVE PAWS: the radar's technical parameters, scan geometry, and the Air Force's…
- [Cabinet Conclusions on the Mid-Canada Line (1965)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/mcl-cabinet-conclusions-1965.md): The Pearson Cabinet's own minutes recording the end of the Mid-Canada Line: the 30 March 1965 decision to close it, and the July 1965 transfer of the Great…
- [NORAD/CONAD Historical Summaries (1958-1959)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/norad-conad-histories-1958-59.md): NORAD's own classified half-year histories bracketing the birth of CADIN: the 5 January 1959 cost-sharing agreement ($440.088 million, split…
- [A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization 1946-1980](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/handbook-aerospace-defense-organization.md): The official USAF unit-lineage reference for the air defense era: every command, division, sector and squadron from 1946 to 1980, compiled by the Office of…
- [Searching the Skies: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Defense Radar Program](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/searching-the-skies.md): David F. Winkler's 1997 study for USAF Air Combat Command - the standard one-volume history of the American air defense radar network, from Lashup through SAGE…
- [The SAGE Air Defense System: A Personal History (Jacobs, 1986)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/sage-personal-history.md): The insider's history of SAGE by a Lincoln Laboratory Division 6 engineer and founding MITRE vice-president: the program chronology, the FSQ-7's vital…
- [ADSEC Final Report - the Valley Committee (1950)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/adsec-final-report.md): The declassified founding document of computerized air defense: the Valley Committee's 24 October 1950 report finding the radar net could stop almost nothing…
- [Why the Over-the-Horizon Radar System Was Shut Down (JPRS translation, 1991)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/jprs-oth-radar-1991.md): The 1991 US-government (JPRS) translation of Aleksandr Babakin's Kommunist Vooruzhennykh Sil article, the first public defence of the Duga over-the-horizon…
- [A History of the DEW Line, 1946-1964 (ADC Historical Study No. 31)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/adc-dew-line-history-1965.md): The Air Defense Command's own 1965 history of the DEW Line: the primary record of the AN/FPS-23 Fluttar Doppler fence, Project Red Sea, and the 1963 removal…
- [Search for Tropospheric Scatter Communication Sites: Amderma, Tiksi, and Dudinka, USSR (CIA/PIR-61041)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/cia-troposcatter-search-1965.md): The October 1965 CIA imagery report that searched Amderma, Tiksi, and Dudinka for Soviet troposcatter construction and found nothing, a year before the TRRL…
- [Troposcatter Facilities: Types and Deployment, USSR (CIA briefing notes, 23 March 1966)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/cia-troposcatter-types-1966.md): CIA briefing notes of 23 March 1966 that counted fifteen Soviet troposcatter facilities on satellite photography and sorted them into two antenna types…
- [Dudinka Troposcatter Facility, USSR (NPIC Basic Imagery Interpretation Report, February 1969)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/npic-dudinka-troposcatter-1969.md): The February 1969 NPIC imagery report on the Dudinka troposcatter facility, closing the three-document arc of the CIA's hunt for the Soviet Arctic TRRL Sever…
- [TWIN DISH Antenna Orientations, USSR (NPIC memorandum for NSA, 6 August 1973)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/npic-twin-dish-orientations-1973.md): A 1973 NPIC memorandum measuring the compass bearings of Soviet TWIN DISH (R-408) troposcatter antennas for the NSA, the clearest declassified sign that…
- [Soviet Troposcatter Equipment Locations in Europe (NPIC PIR-024/77, September 1977)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/npic-soviet-troposcatter-europe-1977.md): NPIC's September 1977 survey of Soviet troposcatter equipment across Europe, the parent report behind later Warsaw Pact troposcatter reporting and the shift to…
- [Tropospheric Scatter Principles and Applications (Collins Radio Company, March 1960)](https://coldwar.tech/archive/documents/collins-troposcatter-manual-1960.md): Collins Radio's March 1960 engineering course on tropospheric scatter, written for the US Army: 161 pages of the real numbers behind a technology later…