Military Radar Defence Lines of Northern North America: An Historical Geography (Fletcher, 1989)

A geographer’s survey of the three radar lines, grounded in National Archives and DND files. For the Mid-Canada Line it supplies the deployment geometry - a double line of stations 5-10 km apart with stations every 100 km along each row, Doppler antennas facing opposite directions atop guyed towers 15 to 100 m tall, microwave rearward links zig-zagging 50 km between rows - the fully-operational date of 1 January 1958, and the funding logic: the US had paid for most of Pinetree, so Canada designed, built and operated the Doppler fence itself.