Exchange of Notes and MOU on the Modernization of the North American Air Defence System (1985)

The founding document of the North Warning System, in force 18 March 1985 (CTS 1985 No. 8): the Clark-Shultz exchange of notes and the annexed Memorandum of Understanding signed at Quebec City by Erik Nielsen and Caspar Weinberger. Specifies the 13 long-range and 39 short-range radars, the 60/40 cost split on an assumption of US$665M/US$418M (FY85 dollars), Canadian operation from October 1989, the Forward Operating Locations, the termination of CADIN/Pinetree funding by 30 September 1988, and the 55/45 split of Pinetree closure costs. Full text on the Canada Treaty Series registry, English and French equally authentic.